Finance and Banking

Abstract The income tax accounting standard is one of the most important‌The most approved accounting standards are required in Iran since 2019 ‌It is valid. The purpose of this research is to identify the consequences of the implementation of this standard‌ beTo write this review article Texts Related to income tax accounting, including articles, books and projects ‌researches of standard setting institutions have been used. In order to identify the consequences of the implementation of the income tax accounting standard, the qualitative method of thematic analysis has been used. Found‌ indicates that the most important consequences of the implementation of the income tax accounting standard in Iran include earning management, big bath, tax avoidance, company market valuation‌and weakening the power ‌The prediction of the company's performance.This article,A review of the literature Income tax accounting standardPresentation and different viewsparticle for direct objectdiscusses. alsoIdentify the consequences of the implementation of the income tax accounting standard in Iran and finally,Suggestions Practical Presentationmay‌ to do.The results of this research enrich the research literature income tax accounting standard‌be and Its results can be used Auditing Organization, Taxation Organization and Stock Exchange Organization of the country.

Abstract This research examines how the characteristics of the risk committee and the chief risk manager affect the risk-taking behavior of some Asian banks after the global financial crisis in 2008. The period examined in this research is from 2010 to 2021 and 1243 observations were used for 185 banks. The obtained results show that there is a negative and significant relationship between the mechanisms of risk governance and risk taking, and this relationship is stronger for private banks (POB) than for public banks (SOB). It was also found that risk governance mechanisms have a positive effect on the performance of POBs but not on the performance of SOBs. Finally, the results of this research show the role of risk governance mechanisms in controlling excessive risk taking and improving the effectiveness of risk management and performance of some Asian banks. Of course, in this case, differences were observed between SOB and POB.

Abstract The purpose of this research is to test the effect of social responsibility through the moderating role of corporate governance variables on Jones' adjusted earnings management index for the group of banks and financial institutions admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this research, the independent variables are the corporate social responsibility scorecard and corporate governance factors, Jones' adjusted earnings management index as the dependent variable, and company size, financial leverage, and age as the control variables. According to the topic and its application, the research community is for the group of banks and financial institutions active in the Tehran Stock Exchange. In this study, 41 banks and credit financial institutions were selected. In this research, the data of the desired statistical sample was used to collect for five years from 2017 to the end of 2011. In this research, multivariate regression analysis using panel data method with fixed effects examines the hypothesis. The results showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between social responsibility and the adjusted earnings management index of Jones Company. Board size and board independence as factors of corporate governance moderate the relationship between social responsibility and the Jones adjusted earnings management index. But government ownership does not affect the relationship between corporate social responsibility and the adjusted earnings management index of Jones Corporation.

Abstract A topic of recent monetary and financial research is how the capital market reacts to the central bank''s monetary policies. In particular, the question is how the response of the companies active in the economy to the change in access to external financial resources (for example, financing from the debt market) will be as a result of the change in monetary policies, And how does the quality of financial reporting play a role in this? thus, we investigated, the impact of monetary policies on information asymmetry, emphasizing the role of financial reporting quality. To measure monetary policies, information asymmetry and quality of financial reporting, indicators of liquidity volume, a price difference of stock buy and sale, and optional accrual items used respectively. Using a sample of 119 companies admitted to the Tehran Stock Exchange during the period between 2013 to 2022 shows that contractionary monetary policies lead to an increase in information asymmetry and the quality of financial reporting intensifies this relationship.

Abstract Introduction: volatilities and shocks hit to markets have different effect depending on the robustness and flexibility of markets. shocks might adjust in some markets a while after hitting while for some others might cause damage and disorder.
Objective: considering the role of economic sanction in the shock spillover to the markets this study examines and measures shock spillover effect in different time periods of economic sanction.
Methods: In this order we collect daily data of sock, currency and gold coin markets for the periods of 2008 to 2022 by applying the VARMA-AGARCH model for analyzing and surveying. For more precise survey of sanction role in return spillover we divided research periods into four sub periods included two periods of harsh sanction and two periods of no harsh sanction.
Results: Result presented shock spillover from currency and gold coin markets to stock market for second and fourth time periods of research, which are proxy of severe sanction. Any shock spillover effect for first and third time periods of research, which are proxy of no severe sanction was not seen. Also shock spillover from currency market to gold coin market for whole periods was revealed. Beside result showed long term persistence of shock at periods of severe sanction was more than at periods of no severe sanction in comparison.

Abstract Financial resilience is a key factor in corporate management, reflecting a company’s ability to navigate economic fluctuations, market instability, and external shocks. This study explores the main drivers of financial resilience in Iran’s petrochemical industry by analyzing companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange from 2016 to 2023. Using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and detailed statistical data, the research examines how ownership structure, risk management, innovation, and market diversification influence financial resilience. The findings show that state-owned and publicly held companies play a major role in strategic decision-making and crisis management. Their financial stability and efficiency are particularly affected by sanctions and global market fluctuations.
Results indicate that higher OPEC oil prices, a strong Tobin’s Q index, larger firm size, strong cash flow, and higher return on assets positively contribute to financial resilience. On the other hand, a declining Tobin’s Q index and financial leverage have negative effects, though the impact of financial leverage was not statistically significant. Moreover, market diversification and effective cost management are key factors in strengthening financial resilience.
The study also highlights differences between private and state-owned firms. Private companies, with their greater flexibility, adapt more efficiently to market changes and generate higher shareholder returns. In contrast, state-owned enterprises, being heavily influenced by government policies, face challenges in maintaining efficiency.
Focusing on Iran’s petrochemical sector—the second-largest producer in the Middle East—this research offers valuable insights to enhance financial resilience and support better economic policymaking.

Abstract After the IPO, stock returns and long-term operating performance both change directly with changes in institutional shareholders up to three years later, which is consistent with the monitoring role of institutional shareholders. Firms with short-term institutional shareholders have more negative returns in the IPO. They experience secondary. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to examine the role of short-term and long-term views of shareholders on the relationship between overvaluation and secondary supply of shares in companies listed on the Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2016 to 2021. The sample consists of 114 companies and linear regression and analysis were used in Stata and Eviuse software. According to the results, the hypothesis of the influence of short-term and long-term institutional shareholders on the relationship between overvaluation and secondary supply was observed that short-term institutional shareholders have a significant relationship compared to long-term institutional shareholders, which indicates that between shareholders There is a difference between long-term view and short-term view shareholders, and short-term institutional shareholders try to sell overvalued shares in the secondary offering. And the research hypothesis that overvaluation with the moderating role of institutional shareholders has a significant effect on the secondary supply of listed companies in the Tehran Stock Exchange was confirmed.